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Asthma

What you need to know

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways, making it difficult to breathe. It causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. 

Asthma can range from mild to severe and is a lifelong condition, but with proper management, most people with asthma can live active, healthy lives. 

Book a screening: Find your GP practice using our navigation map page and contact them on the phone, or through an online consultation form through their practice website through their practice website. 

An asthma pump on the bed

What causes asthma?

Asthma is often caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common triggers and risk factors include: 

  • Family history: Having a parent or sibling with asthma increases your risk. 
  • Allergies: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mould can trigger asthma symptoms. 
  • Environmental factors: Air pollution, smoke, and chemical fumes can worsen asthma. 
  • Respiratory infections: Colds, flu, or other infections can inflame the airways. 
  • Weather changes: Cold air, humidity, or sudden temperature changes can be triggers. 
  • Physical activity: Exercise can trigger symptoms in some people (exercise-induced asthma). 

Symptoms of asthma

Asthma symptoms can vary from person to person and may come and go. Common signs include: 

  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning 
  • Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing) 
  • Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems 
  • Chest tightness or pain 
  • Shortness of breath 

Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention. 

Signs of an asthma attack

An asthma attack occurs when symptoms worsen suddenly, and the airways become severely inflamed and constricted. Recognising the signs of an asthma attack is vital so you can act quickly. Symptoms include: 

  • Severe wheezing or coughing 
  • Extreme difficulty breathing 
  • Rapid breathing 
  • Being unable to speak in full sentences 
  • Blueish lips or fingernails (a sign of low oxygen levels) 
  • Feeling anxious or panicked 
  • No improvement after using a rescue inhaler 

If you or someone else experiences these symptoms, seek emergency medical help immediately. 

Risks of a severe asthma attack

Severe asthma attacks can be dangerous and even life-threatening if not treated promptly. Risks include:

  • Respiratory failure: The lungs may not be able to supply enough oxygen to the body. 
  • Status asthmaticus: An ongoing, long asthma attack that doesn’t respond to standard treatments and requires emergency care. 
  • Hospitalisation: Severe attacks can result in hospitalization for oxygen therapy and intensive treatment. 
  • Long-term lung damage: Repeated severe attacks can lead to permanent damage to the airways. 

 

Early intervention and proper management of asthma can significantly reduce the risk of severe attacks. 

How is asthma diagnosed?

Asthma is diagnosed with a mix of medical history, physical exams, and lung function tests. The tools used to diagnose asthma include:

  • Spirometry: Measures how much air you can exhale and how quickly. 
  • Peak flow test: Measures how well air moves out of your lungs. 
  • Methacholine challenge test: Checks how your airways react to a trigger. 
  • Allergy testing: Identifies potential allergens that may make asthma worse. 

 

Early diagnosis is key to managing asthma well and preventing complications. 

Managing asthma

While there is no cure for asthma, it can be managed with the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Common management methods include: 

  • Inhalers: Quick-relief inhalers (bronchodilators) and long-term control inhalers (corticosteroids) help open airways and reduce inflammation. 
  • Avoiding triggers: Try to reduce being in or around environments (or products) that trigger allergies or irritation in your airways. 
  • Action plan: Work with your doctor to create a personalised asthma action plan. 
  • Regular check-ups: Monitor your condition and adjust treatments as needed. 
  • A healthy lifestyle: Stay active, eat a balanced diet, and avoid smoking. 

Why screening matters

Asthma can develop at any age, and symptoms are not always obvious. If you experience frequent coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath, it’s important to get checked. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent asthma attacks and improve your quality of life. 

Book a screening today

Don’t wait for asthma symptoms to worsen. Spotting it early and proper management can improve quality of life hugely and prevent severe health issues down the line. If you’re experiencing symptoms like shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, or a persistent cough, book a screening today. Here’s how: 

  • Locate your GP practice clinic, or the one closest to you. 
  • Call the number listed to book a screening, or visit their website listed for more ways to contact them. 

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